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  A Study of Boys and Girls Students’ Conception of Gaps in Teaching and Learning Mathematics of Government and Private Senior Secondary Schools

  Vol. 2 No. Volume 2, Issue 9, Nov 2025 page 1789-18 (2025)

  Abstract

  In mathematics education, a learning gap is a disparity
  between a student's actual mastery of concepts and the
  expectations for their grade level. Students’ conceptual
  understanding often struggles when they are forced to
  memorise formulas instead of understanding the spatial,
  graphical, and algebraic connections. The present study was
  conducted on the boys and girls studying in government and
  private senior secondary schools of Hindi-medium instruction
  in searching the degree of variation in their experiences of
  gaps in teaching and learning mathematics. The students were
  sampled from senior secondary schools. A questionnaire was
  administered to the sampled students for collection of data on
  a three-point scale (Agree/Neutral/Disagree) with respect to
  five areas of gaps: Curriculum and Content Gaps,
  Pedagogical Gaps, Assessment Gaps, Learning Environment
  Gaps, and Resources and Support Gaps. The Chi-square (χ²)
  test was applied in examining the degree of variation in their
  conceptions of gaps between boys and girls. It was reported
  that boys and girls certainly have some degree of variation,
  but not up to a significant level, among the students of
  government as well as private schools.
  Keywords: Conception of Gaps, Foundational Knowledge,
  Educational Bottleneck, Snowball Effect, Identification of
  Pedagogical Mismatches, Curriculum and Content Gaps,
  Learning Environment Gaps, Resources and Support Gaps,
  Assessment Gaps

   

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  The relationship between politics and education policies

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 9, November,1770-1788 (2025)

  Abstract

  The study has been developed to identify the relationship between
  politics and education policies in India. For this purpose the study
  included the objective to understand the evolution of Indian
  education policy connected to the major transformation in politics,
  comprehend how the political regime and ideologies influence
  institutional structure and curriculum design, investigate the
  importance of Federal dynamics and party politics in structuring
  the state and national level of education policies, analyse how
  education policies act as instruments of nation-building, identity
  formation, and political socialisation in India. The study has
  incorporated the qualitative method and Exploratory Research
  Design. For data collection, a qualitative data collection procedure
  from existing journals and articles, the government website was
  incorporated. Thematic data analysis has been incorporated to
  analyse the identified data. In the context of result, the study
  identified the evaluation of the Indian political regime and its
  effect on the transformation and formulation of its Indian
  education policies, political ideology has influence in
  reconstructing the textbook narratives, institutional governance
  and curriculum design, federal dynamics and politics has impact
  on the policy development, adaptation and implementation in
  regional and national levels, Indian education policy functions as
  an instrument of political socialisation, national development and
  identity construction. In future, the mixed method approach of
  research and effective focus on policy making for the state Union
  conflict may ensure the impact of research and national education
  policies, respectively.
  Keywords: Indian education policies, Indian politics, political
  ideology, NEP 2020, RTE Act, 2009

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  Investigating the Psychological Effects of Loneliness on Emotional Regulation, Life Satisfaction, and Mental Health in Young Adults

  Vol. 2 No. Issue-08, October,pg 1752-1769 (2025)

  Abstract 

  The cascading effectiveness of young adult loneliness is associated with exhausted cognitive traits and maladaptive coping. Both emotional loneliness and social isolation are significant negative predictors of destroying subjective well-being among the youth. The research question of this study highlights the variations of psychological influence upon the mental health, emotional regulation, and life satisfaction among young adults. The study strictly followed the secondary data collection method, with the design of four themes, incorporating relevant numerical and qualitative information. The study mandatorily aligned with the interpretivism research philosophy, inductive research approach, qualitative strategy, exploratory design, and research ethics. The outcome of this study articulates that the high degree of loneliness is robustly connected with the maximised dependence on the maladaptive emotional regulation mechanisms. The study also summarises that loneliness is a primary determinant for young adults in impairing their overall life satisfaction and mental health in terms of viewing through the Self-Determination Theory.      

  Keywords: Psychological Effects, Emotional Regulation, Loneliness, Mental Health, Life Satisfaction, Young Adults  

  
  

   

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  Artificial Intelligence Surveillance and Its Impact on Psychological Safety, Stress, and Employee Productivity in Modern Workplaces

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 8, October, 1735-1751 (2025)

  Abstract
  With the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the
  workforce, the way workplaces track their operation and conduct
  their business has changed. The authors in this research paper
  analyze the psychological impact of AI surveillance on employees
  in today's workplace and how it impacts their psychological safety,
  stress levels, and productivity. The type of research that is
  conducted is qualitative, secondary research, descriptive research
  and thematic analysis. The sources of data were scientific journals,
  scientific articles, reports and online scientific databases such as
  Scientific Direct and Google Scholar. The results suggest that AIbased surveillance systems can enhance tasks' efficiency, safety,
  accountabilities, and optimization in real-time. But constant
  monitoring also brings along with it factors of psychological stress,
  loss of independence, brain burn out and stress of employee. The
  study also identifies a ‘paradox of productivity’ that monitoring too
  much can have the opposite effect, reducing creativity, trust and
  organisational commitment and increasing the ‘measurable'
  measures of productivity. The study reveals that while the use of AI
  surveillance can be beneficial for the organisation, overuse and
  unethical monitoring practices may pose a negative impact on
  employees' well-being and workplace culture. Therefore, it is
  essential for these companies to have an AI monitoring policy that
  is transparent and accountable, ensuring a balance between business
  productivity and employee psychological safety and trust.

  Key words: Artificial Intelligence Surveillance; Employee
  Psychological Safety; Workplace Monitoring; Employee Stress;
  Organisational Productivit

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  Context-Aware Sentiment Detection Using Multilingual Emojis, Slang, and Cultural Expressions in Social Networks

  Vol. 2 No. Issue-08,Oct, 2025 ,pg-1713-1734 (2025)

  Abstract

  The rigorous growth of social networking platforms demand
  connectivity with people around the globe and transformed digital
  communication using multilingual applications, emoji, slang,
  sarcasm, and culturally influenced expressions. Traditional ways
  of sentiment analysis systems often struggle to capture modern
  interpretation of the emotional side of digital communication. This
  research investigates how context-aware sentiment detection can
  improve emotion interpretation of people across digital platforms.
  This research adopts an exploratory design and secondary data
  collection method to examine the impact of contextual analysis in
  sentiment analysis across digital platforms. This research also
  referred to thematic analysis to build a more structural realm
  which can capture the factors that influence sentiment
  classification accuracy. This study concluded that multilingual
  context analysis, emoji interpretation, slang updates, and
  appropriate cultural knowledge can minimise this chance of wrong
  interpretation. The findings revealed a deep learning about
  contextual emotions, references, and cultural significance can
  improve sentiment detection performance in digital
  communication. Advanced integration of Natural Language
  Processing techniques can reduce the level of emotional
  misinterpretation and provide a more adaptive mechanism to
  support reliable social media analytics across various digital
  domains.
  Keywords: Context-aware Sentiment Analysis, Multilingual
  Communication, Emojis, Internet Slang, Sentiment Detection, Social Networks

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  Effect of Super Brain Yoga on Academic Performance among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Middle and Late Childhood

  Vol. 2 No. Issue-08, October ,2025 (2025)

  Abstract

  Super Brain Yoga is an advanced exercise which reinforces energy for the human body to optimise and recharge the brain activities. The continual practice of SBY enables synchronisation of the brain hemispheres, maximises the alpha waves for patience, triggers the vestibular system, and translates the academic progression. The key objective of the current research study is to get an in-depth insight into the influence of super brain yoga on the academic performance of children with autism spectrum disorder throughout the middle and late childhood phase. This research study focused on a secondary study with a qualitative design and purposive sampling method to focus on the Indian autistic children. Through the five theme-based interpretations and collecting information from the authentic journals, academic papers, health journals, and peer-reviewed articles, the current research work highlighted the importance of super brain yoga in triggering the alpha wave in the human brain. The outcome showed that the super brain yoga is an intellectual tool and cognitive optimiser to modify the innovative level and logical thinking power of the autistic children, enhancing their academic performance level. Finally, this study was unable to incorporate authentic evidence information due to the non-consideration of the rigorous quantitative survey-based analysis.  

  Keywords: Super Brain Yoga, Cognitive Load Theory, Autistic Children, Middle and Late Childhood, Academic Performance

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  Human Rights and International Law: Case Studies of Violations and Responses

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 8, October, 1668-1689 (2025) (2025)

  Abstract
  This research paper investigates the effectiveness of the International
  Human Rights Law (IHRL) in relation to curbing the recurring human
  rights abuses in the world through a comparative analysis of 25
  countries and regions. Based on major legal documents, including the
  ICCPR, ICESCR, and the system of the International Criminal Court
  and ad hoc tribunals, the study assesses the trends of abuse, the reaction
  of the institutions, and the gaps in the enforcement. The study based on
  an exploratory research design and content analysis of secondary data
  points out to repetitive challenges such as geopolitical limitations,
  politics of veto by the Security Council, poor cooperation among states,
  and jurisdictional obstacles. It is found that accountability results differ
  greatly in terms of political orientation, domestic institutional capacity
  and international assistance. Although hybrid courts and national
  prosecutions have enhanced the anti-impunity standards in certain
  situations, documentation-based responses are usually not binding. The
  paper concludes that enhancing compliance mechanisms, increasing
  international cooperation, and upholding domestic accountability
  systems are key to the achievement of justice, minimizing violations,
  and safeguarding the basic human rights around the world.
  Keywords: Human Rights, International Human Rights Law,
  International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,
  International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and International

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  Women's empowerment through skilling and entrepreneurship

  Vol. 2 No. Issue-07, September 2025pg1644-1667- (2025)

  The main objective of the study is to understand the effectiveness of the skill programs in enhancing the employability rate and women's empowerment, an analysis of the effect of entrepreneurship on leadership, financial independence and social status of the women.  Comprehend the key limitations that limit the implication and effectiveness of the policy and initiatives. And develop some strategic solutions for improving the women-centric initiatives at the global level. The study has included the qualitative method, collecting information from existing articles, journals and authentic websites. The thematic analysis has been incorporated into the study. The results indicate that the current focus on Skill development improves women's empowerment. Entrepreneurship is a path of financial liberty, leadership, and social standards for women.  Socioeconomic, structural, and institutional factors are the limitations to women's empowerment, and Women-centric, sustainable, and inclusive policies emphasise women's empowerment. It is recommended that more gender responsive, flexible timing in training and childcare support with inclusive economic policy is needed to improve the outcomes of the women empowerment initiatives. 

  Keywords: Women's empowerment, skill programs, entrepreneurship, economic policy, employability

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  Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 in Advancing Women’s Property and Inheritance Rights in India

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 7, September, 1630-1643, 2025 (2025)

  Abstract

  The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, is integrated into the concepts of the Indian Property Law. This legislation aims to allow the daughter to get equal access to the father’s assets and properties. This kind of legal reformation improves the autonomy of women, indicating the improvement of their self-confidence level, financial independence, and self-acquired assets. As a result, the Indian woman is gradually leading a family and positioning them to make a family leader in the decision-making process. One of the key unpredictable outcomes of this research study is the application of the Feminist Theory with the paradigms of the “socialist feminism”, “radical feminism”, and “liberal feminism”. Based on this theoretical integration, the study highlights women’s empowerment, gender equality, and the economic liberation of women across India. Finally, the study has been suggested to employ a mixed data collection method to collect numerical information to enhance the credibility of the identified output of the current research study.    

  Keywords: Women’s Property, Feminist Theory, Inheritance Rights, Financial Independence, Succession Act, Property Disposal Right

   

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  Assessing the Role of Trade Union Rights in Shaping Collective Bargaining Practices in Contemporary Workplaces

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 7, September, 1614-1629 (2025) (2025)

  Abstract

  The trade union rights from an Indian perspective provide a legal framework of the Trade Union Act, 1926, to permit the unions to function, negotiate, and interpret the collective demands of the labour into a binding agreement. The rights authorise the workers of contemporary Indian workplaces to develop unions and make a transition between the collective actions and individual grievances. The unions utilise these legal rights to establish bargaining agendas through the negotiations of the wage distribution structure, job security, and workplace safety. The study highlighted the unpredictable outcomes of the theoretical interpretations of the “Web of Rules" under Dunlop's Industrial Relations Systems Theory to govern the employment rights in the contemporary workspace in India. The key recommendation of the research study is to consider either the mixed data collection method or the primary quantitative survey method with statistical analysis to make a valid and credible solution to the identified research problem.

  Keywords: Trade Union Rights, Dunlop’s Industrial Relations Systems Theory, Gig Employees, Contemporary Workplaces, Technological Transitions, Workplace Democracy

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  The causes and consequences of political corruption

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 7, September, 2025, Pg,1596-1613 (2025)

  Abstract
  The background of the research evaluates the concepts, types, causal factors, and impact of
  political corruption. The main objective of this research topic is to understand the reasons and
  influence of political corruption. Based on this objective, the study explored a new anticorruption framework to mitigate the socioeconomic challenges through political corruption with
  the help of a secondary qualitative and exploratory study technique. This study maintained
  academic integrity, proofreading, and proper referencing style to ensure research ethics. Through
  the thematic interpretations, the findings of the present research study highlighted that political
  corruption is one of the significant global issues in recent years. According to the CPI, the study
  outlined the most corrupt and least corrupt countries across the world. The political corruption
  had a direct influence on creating obstacles for the socio-economic prospects of the countries.
  Henceforth, this study explored new ideas for evaluating the multidimensional framework
  integrated into the anti-corruption approaches to minimise the adverse impact of political
  corruption in these countries.
  Keywords: Political Corruption, Socio-Economic Progression, Weak Institutional Framework,
  Multi-dimensional Framework, Digital Sunlight Approach, OECD, IACC, Opaque Bureaucracy, 

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  Neurocognitive Effects of Super Brain Yoga in Children with Autism

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 7, September,2025,Page,1581-1595 (2025)

  Abstract
  The current research paper outlined the concepts and significance of Super Brain Yoga for
  children with autism to enable neurocognition for betterment in their memorisation power and
  attentive nature. The central research question of this research is to investigate the
  neurocognitive dominance of the Super Brain Yoga for resetting the autistic children’s stress
  level and incorporating happiness and self-confidence to enable their social interaction rate. This
  study followed the ideologies of the secondary qualitative data collection method with thematic
  assessment of the codes on the relevant topic. The results outline that neurocognitive influence is
  associated with the activation of the neural electricity within the brain cells and triggers both the
  left and right brain for reshaping the autistic children’s logical and emotional intuition. The
  hemispheric synchronisation is done through the acupressure point stimulation, enabling the
  Alpha wave flow within the brain for revamping the cognitive behavioural growth of the autistic
  children. The concluding marks of this study are attributed to the recommendation of the primary
  survey and the mixed data collection method consideration for extracting credible information on
  the relevant topic.
  Keywords: Super Brain Yoga, Neurocognitive Influence, Autistic Children, Cognitive Growth,
  Brain Stimulation. 

• 

  वैश्वीकरण और हिंदी साहित्य

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 6, August, 2025, Page, 1575-1580 (2025)

  सारांश:
  वैश्वीकरण ने विश्व को एक साझा आर्थिक, सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक मंच पर ला खड़ा किया है। इस प्रक्रिया ने न केवल बाजार और तकनीक को बदला, बल्कि भाषा, साहित्य और सांस्कृतिक चेतना को भी गहराई से प्रभावित किया है। हिंदी साहित्य, जो सदैव भारतीय समाज की आत्मा का दर्पण रहा है, वैश्वीकरण के प्रभाव से अछूता नहीं रह सका। प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र में वैश्वीकरण की अवधारणा, उसके विभिन्न आयामों तथा हिंदी साहित्य पर पड़े उसके प्रभावों का समग्र विश्लेषण किया गया है। विशेष रूप से विषयवस्तु, शिल्प, भाषा, विमर्श, प्रवासी हिंदी साहित्य, बाजारवाद तथा डिजिटल माध्यमों की भूमिका पर विचार किया गया है। शोध का निष्कर्ष यह दर्शाता है कि वैश्वीकरण ने हिंदी साहित्य के समक्ष जहाँ अनेक चुनौतियाँ प्रस्तुत की हैं, वहीं नए अवसरों के द्वार भी खोले हैं।

  मुख्य शब्द:
  वैश्वीकरण, हिंदी साहित्य, बाजारवाद, सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तन, प्रवासी साहित्य।

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  नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय का एशियाई देशों पर शैक्षिक प्रभाव: एक अध्ययन

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 6, August, 2025, Page, 1568-1574 (2025)

  सारांश:
  नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय प्राचीन भारत की वह महान शैक्षिक संस्था थी, जिसने एशिया के बौद्धिक, दार्शनिक, वैज्ञानिक एवं सांस्कृतिक बौद्धिक परिदृश्य को गहराई से प्रभावित किया। पाँचवीं शताब्दी ईस्वी में स्थापित यह विश्वविद्यालय न केवल भारत का, बल्कि सम्पूर्ण एशिया का ज्ञान-केंद्र था। चीन, तिब्बत, कोरिया, जापान, श्रीलंका, म्यांमार, थाईलैंड, इंडोनेशिया और वियतनाम जैसे देशों से आए विद्यार्थियों और विद्वानों ने नालंदा की शिक्षण परंपरा को अपने-अपने देशों में प्रसारित किया।
  प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र का उद्देश्य नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय की शैक्षिक संरचना, पाठ्यक्रम, शिक्षण पद्धति तथा अंतरराष्ट्रीय शैक्षिक संपर्कों का विश्लेषण करते हुए यह स्पष्ट करना है कि उसने एशियाई देशों की शिक्षा प्रणालियों, बौद्ध विश्वविद्यालयों, दर्शन, भाषा, विज्ञान एवं संस्कृति को किस प्रकार प्रभावित किया। यह अध्ययन ऐतिहासिक, तुलनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धति पर आधारित है। निष्कर्षतः यह शोध प्रमाणित करता है कि नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय एशिया की साझा बौद्धिक विरासत का केंद्रीय स्तंभ रहा है।

  मुख्य शब्द:
  नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय, एशियाई शिक्षा, बौद्ध अध्ययन, ज्ञान परंपरा, अंतरराष्ट्रीय शिक्षा।

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  वृद्धावस्था में पारिवारिक सहयोग और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य: एक अध्ययन

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 6, August, 2025, Page, 1562-1567 (2025)

  सारांश:
  वृद्धावस्था मानव जीवन का वह चरण है, जिसमें शारीरिक क्षमताओं के साथ-साथ मानसिक स्वास्थ्य में भी अनेक परिवर्तन दृष्टिगोचर होते हैं। इस अवस्था में व्यक्ति को भावनात्मक सुरक्षा, आत्मसम्मान तथा सामाजिक स्वीकृति की विशेष आवश्यकता होती है। पारिवारिक सहयोग वृद्धजनों के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य को बनाए रखने में एक निर्णायक भूमिका निभाता है। प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र में वृद्धावस्था की अवधारणा, पारिवारिक सहयोग के विभिन्न आयामों तथा मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के अंतर्संबंध का सैद्धांतिक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन किया गया है। शोध से स्पष्ट होता है कि जिन वृद्धजनों को परिवार से भावनात्मक, सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक सहयोग प्राप्त होता है, उनमें अवसाद, अकेलापन एवं चिंता का स्तर अपेक्षाकृत कम पाया जाता है। इसके विपरीत, पारिवारिक उपेक्षा वृद्ध मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के लिए गंभीर चुनौती बन जाती है। अध्ययन यह निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत करता है कि स्वस्थ वृद्धावस्था के लिए पारिवारिक सहयोग को सुदृढ़ करना अनिवार्य है।

  मुख्य शब्द:
  वृद्धावस्था, पारिवारिक सहयोग, मानसिक स्वास्थ्य, अकेलापन, सामाजिक सुरक्षा।

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  ऋग्वैदिक काल में उत्पादन एवं उपभोग के स्वरूप: एक ऐतिहासिक-आर्थिक अध्ययन

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 6, August, 2025, Page, 1554-1561 (2025)

  सारांश:
  ऋग्वैदिक काल भारतीय इतिहास का वह प्रारंभिक चरण है, जिसमें सामाजिक, आर्थिक और सांस्कृतिक जीवन की आधारशिला रखी गई। इस काल की अर्थव्यवस्था मुख्यतः उत्पादन और उपभोग के सरल, सामुदायिक एवं प्राकृतिक स्वरूप पर आधारित थी। कृषि, पशुपालन, हस्तशिल्प और सीमित व्यापार इस काल के प्रमुख उत्पादन साधन थे, जबकि उपभोग सामाजिक आवश्यकताओं, धार्मिक अनुष्ठानों और सामुदायिक जीवन से जुड़ा हुआ था। प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र में ऋग्वैदिक काल की आर्थिक संरचना, उत्पादन के साधनों, श्रम व्यवस्था, उपभोग की प्रवृत्तियों, सामाजिक असमानताओं तथा आर्थिक जीवन के धार्मिक पक्ष का विस्तृत एवं विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन किया गया है।

  मुख्य शब्द:
  ऋग्वैदिक काल, उत्पादन प्रणाली, उपभोग का स्वरूप, वैदिक अर्थव्यवस्था, पशुपालन, कृषि उत्पादन, हस्तशिल्प।

• 

  कौटिल्य और मैकियावेली: राजनीतिक यथार्थवाद की तुलना

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 6, August, 2025, Page, 1546-1553 (2025)

  सारांश:
  यह शोधपत्र प्राचीन भारतीय राजनीतिक चिंतक कौटिल्य (चाणक्य) और पाश्चात्य पुनर्जागरण काल के राजनीतिक विचारक निकोलो मैकियावेली के राजनीतिक यथार्थवाद का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन प्रस्तुत करता है। दोनों चिंतकों ने राज्य, सत्ता, नैतिकता और व्यावहारिक राजनीति को आदर्शवाद से अलग रखते हुए यथार्थ के धरातल पर विश्लेषित किया है। कौटिल्य का अर्थशास्त्र और मैकियावेली की द प्रिंस राजनीतिक यथार्थवाद के महत्वपूर्ण ग्रंथ हैं। यह अध्ययन दर्शाता है कि भिन्न काल, संस्कृति और भौगोलिक परिस्थितियों के बावजूद दोनों के विचारों में आश्चर्यजनक समानताएँ तथा महत्वपूर्ण भिन्नताएँ विद्यमान हैं।

  मुख्य शब्द:
  कौटिल्य, मैकियावेली, राजनीतिक यथार्थवाद, अर्थशास्त्र, द प्रिंस, सत्ता, राज्य।

• 

  संक्रमण धातु कॉम्प्लेक्स और उनका जैविक महत्व

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 5, July,2025, Page, 1536-1545 (2025)

  सारांश (Abstract)
  संक्रमण धातु कॉम्प्लेक्स (Transition Metal Complexes) आधुनिक रसायन विज्ञान और जीव विज्ञान के संगम पर स्थित
  एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण विषय है। ये कॉम्प्लेक्स न केवल संरचनात्मक विविधता प्रदर्शित करते हैं, बल्कि जैविक प्रणालियों में
  उत्प्रेरण (Catalysis), इलेक्ट्रॉन स्थानांतरण, ऑक्सीजन परिवहन, औषधीय क्रिया और एंजाइमेटिक अभिक्रियाओं में भी
  महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र में संक्रमण धातु कॉम्प्लेक्स की संकल्पना, संरचना, बंधन सिद्धांत, जैविक
  प्रणालियों में उनकी भूमिका, औषधीय उपयोग, विषाक्तता और भविष्य की संभावनाओं का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन किया
  गया है। मुख्य शब्द: संक्रमण धातु, कॉम्प्लेक्स यौगिक, जैविक महत्व, मेटालोएंजाइम, जैव-अकार्बनिक रसायन।

• 

  प्राथमिक स्तर पर समावेशी शिक्षा: बौद्धिक एवं विकासात्मक दिव्यांगता के परिपेक्ष्य में एक दृष्टिकोण

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 5, July, 1524-1535 (2025) (2025)

  सार

  समावेशी शिक्षा का उद्देश्य सभी बच्चों को, उनकी व्यक्तिगत क्षमताओं, आवश्यकताओं एवं भिन्नताओं के बावजूद, समान शैक्षिक अवसर प्रदान करना है। वर्तमान समय में प्राथमिक विद्यालयों में बौद्धिक एवं विकासात्मक दिव्यांग बच्चों की शिक्षा एक महत्वपूर्ण शैक्षिक चुनौती के रूप में उभर रही है। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य प्राथमिक विद्यालयों में बौद्धिक एवं विकासात्मक दिव्यांग बच्चों के लिए समावेशी शिक्षा की स्थिति, उपलब्ध संसाधनों, शिक्षण-अधिगम प्रक्रियाओं तथा शिक्षकों की भूमिका का अध्ययन करना है। इस अध्ययन में वर्णनात्मक शोध पद्धति का प्रयोग किया गया है तथा आँकड़ों का संकलन प्राथमिक विद्यालयों के शिक्षकों, प्रधानाध्यापकों एवं संबंधित अभिलेखों के माध्यम से किया गया है। अध्ययन के निष्कर्षों से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि समावेशी शिक्षा के प्रभावी क्रियान्वयन हेतु उपयुक्त शैक्षिक संसाधनों, विशेष प्रशिक्षण प्राप्त शिक्षकों, सहयोगी सेवाओं तथा सकारात्मक विद्यालयी वातावरण की आवश्यकता है। साथ ही, यह भी पाया गया कि सीमित संसाधन, शिक्षकों में प्रशिक्षण की कमी तथा जागरूकता का अभाव समावेशी शिक्षा के मार्ग में प्रमुख बाधाएँ हैं। अतः यह अध्ययन सुझाव देता है कि प्राथमिक स्तर पर बौद्धिक एवं विकासात्मक दिव्यांग बच्चों के लिए समावेशी शिक्षा को सफल बनाने हेतु नीति-निर्माण, शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण, अभिभावक सहभागिता तथा विद्यालयी संसाधनों के सुदृढ़ीकरण पर विशेष ध्यान दिया जाना चाहिए।

  बीज शब्द: समावेशी शिक्षा, प्राथमिक शिक्षा, बौद्धिक एवं विकासात्मक दिव्यांगता, दिव्यांग बच्चे, शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण

   

• 

  Women’s Property and Inheritance Rights under the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005: A Critical Legal and Socio-Empirical Analysis

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 5, July, 1513-1523 (2025) (2025)

  Abstract
  The research study summarises that the reformation in the
  legal notions of the Hindu Succession Act or HSA, 2005,
  is recognised as a progressive hallmark towards women's
  empowerment, zero gender discrimination, and gender
  equality in Indian society. The study objective is to
  thoroughly scrutinise the influence of HSA 2005, upon
  women's rights and empowerment. This research study
  followed the secondary data collection method with
  thematic interpretations. The key finding associates with
  inheritance lawsuits and constitutional paradigms of nondiscrimination and equality. This study revealed the gap
  between substantive social justice and formal legal
  equality in terms of gender equality from the Indian
  perspective. Despite having sociocultural resistance, the
  Indian judicial interpretations have legally strengthened
  the legal position and rights of a daughter upon her
  father's ancestral properties.
  Keywords: Inheritance Law, the Hindu Succession Act,
  Gender Equality, Women’s Property Rights, Feminism
  Theory

• 

  An Exploratory Study of Trade Union Rights and Their Influence on Collective Bargaining Outcomes in Modern Employment Environments

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 5, July, 1503-1512 (2025) (2025)

  Abstract
  The context of the current research paper highlights the
  types of Trade Union Rights and their influence on the
  bargaining towards wage structure, duty hours, and a secure
  job & work atmosphere through a collective voice. The key
  objectives of the research study ensure the historical
  evaluation of the Trade-Union-Act, 1956, from an Indian
  perspective. This study followed the secondary data
  collection method, doctrinal analysis, and thematic
  interpretations to make a credible solution, aligned with
  predefined objectives. The main findings outline that the
  internal coordination error, funding unavailability, and
  perspective variations are the key reasons for not providing
  equal rights scope for the staff in modern workplaces. This
  study finally claims that reshaping Indian Labour Law
  generates safer and sustainable industrial democracy across
  national and international levels.
  Keywords: Collective Bargaining, Industrial Relations,
  Trade Union, Indian Labour Law, Trade Union Act

• 

  CHALLENGES FACED BY RURAL STUDENTS IN LEARNING TO SPEAK ENGLISH

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 5, July,page ,1489-1502 (2025)

  

• 

  Role of Technology in Modern Classrooms A Shift from Chalkboard to Smartboard

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 4, June, pg. 1468-1488 (2025)

  Abstract
  This research is aimed at identifying the intermingling factor of technology in the contemporary
  classroom with particular attention to the paradigm shift between traditional chalkboards and
  smartboards in the classrooms. Therefore, the primary research question will be the assessment
  of the impact of digital tools on student engagement, the effectiveness of instruction, and the
  overall quality of pedagogy. The study will use secondary research model and critically evaluate
  chosen institutional and scholarly literature to reveal emerging trends in the permeation of
  technology in the educational setting. Empirical research findings indicate that digital
  technologies have improved the interactivity in the classroom, resulted in active learning and
  facilitated greater efficiency of instruction. Smartboards and the associated technology tools are
  gradually being incorporated as an element of the teaching arsenal of instructors and thus recast
  what was previously a fundamentally unidirectional pedagogical practice, to become more
  socially interactive and participatory. However, the extent of these positive impacts is dependent
  on factors such as teacher quality, availability of technological resources and institutional
  investment. Accordingly, the research begins with the assumption that technology is a
  transformative force in pedagogy today and calls for further empirical research that will help to
  understand the long-term consequences of its implementation in relation to learning and
  educational equity.
  Keywords: Technology, Chalkboard, Smartboard, Classrooms

• 

  The role of technology in creating inclusive learning environments

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 4, June, pg. 1453-1467 (2025) (2025)

  Abstract

  This analysis examines how technology can be useful in designing all-inclusive learning
  spaces that support the integration of diverse learners and advance the idea of equitable access to
  education. The key aim is to study the role played by digital tools, assistive technologies, as well
  as institutional strategies in ensuring inclusivity in education and grasp the challenges that render
  their successful application a challenge. The qualitative research design was taken, and
  secondary data has been collected by using the peer-reviewed journals, institutional reports, and
  policy documents published between the years 2020 and 2025. Thematic analysis was applied to
  data to reveal important insights and patterns. The results indicate that technology improves
  accessibility to students with disabilities, promotes personalized learning with the help of
  adaptive learning systems, and encourages teamwork in online classrooms. Yet, nothing has
  replaced inclusivity because of barriers that include incompetent teacher training, infrastructural
  inequality, and inconsistent policy structures. The researchers conclude that technology
  potentially has a great possibility to democratize education, but to be able to fully realize
  inclusion, technological innovations, professional development, and fair implementation of
  policies should be integrated.
  Keywords: Inclusive Learning, Digital technology, Learners.

• 

  तनाव निवारण में योग और पंचकर्म की उपचारात्मक प्रभावशीलता का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन

  Vol. 2 No. Issue: 4, June, pg. 1419-1452 (2025) (2025)

  सारांश

  यह अध्ययन तनाव निवारण में योग और पंचकर्म की उपचारात्मक प्रभावशीलता का तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण है। आधुनिक जीवनशैली में तनाव की व्यापकता ने स्वास्थ्‍य संबंधी अनेक समस्याओं को जन्म दिया है, जिससे निपटने के लिए पारंपरिक आयुर्वेदिक एवं योगिक उपायों का महत्व बढ़ रहा है। इस शोध का उद्देश्य योग और पंचकर्म के माध्यम से तनाव से राहत पाने के प्रभाव का तुलनात्मक मूल्यांकन करना है। अध्ययन में विभिन्न आयु वर्ग के प्रतिभागियों को चुना गया, जिन्हें अलग-अलग समूहों में बाँटा गया। एक समूह को योग उपचार दिया गया, दूसरे समूह को पंचकर्म उपचार, और तीसरे समूह को नियंत्रण के रूप में सामान्य जीवनशैली का अनुसरण करने दिया गया। शोध के दौरान, तनाव स्तर मापने के लिए मानक मापदंड एवं प्रश्नावली का प्रयोग किया गया। परिणामों से ज्ञात हुआ कि दोनों ही उपचार पद्धतियों ने तनाव स्तर में उल्लेखनीय कमी की, किंतु पंचकर्म ने योग की तुलना में अधिक प्रभावी परिणाम दिखाए। इस अध्ययन से यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि योग एवं पंचकर्म दोनों ही तनाव निवारण में प्रभावकारी हैं, किंतु पंचकर्म अधिक तीव्र एवं दीर्घकालिक राहत प्रदान कर सकता है। यह अध्ययन आयुर्वेद एवं योग चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में नवीन दृष्टिकोण प्रस्तुत करता है तथा तनाव प्रबंधन में इन पारंपरिक उपचार विधियों के समुचित प्रयोग के लिए दिशानिर्देश प्रदान करता है।

  मूल शब्द - तनाव प्रबंधन, योग और पंचकर्म, आयुर्वेदिक उपचार, मानसिक स्वास्थ्य, स्वास्थ्‍य प्रभाव